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Lesson 5: First Declension Feminine Nouns, Part 2

Lesson 5: First Declension Nouns, Part 2

α/ᾱς & α/ης Stems + Special Verb Constructions

First Declension Battle Card

Part 2: α/ᾱς Stems & α/ης Stems

NOM (Subject)GEN (Of)DAT (To/For)ACC (Object)VOC (Address)

1. Three Questions to Ask

  1. 1What ENDING does this noun have?
  2. 2What CASE is it? (NOM/GEN/DAT/ACC/VOC)
  3. 3What JOB does it do in the sentence?

2. Special Verb Constructions

ἀκούω

hear, listen to

+ GENperson heard

+ ACCsound/thing heard

κελεύω

order, command

+ ACC or + DAT of person

+ infinitive

ὥρᾱ (ἐστὶ) + inf.

"it is time to..."

ὥρᾱ γράφειν = "it is time to write"

Reflexive Article

The article can mean "his/her/their own" when context makes possession clear.

τὴν γλῶτταν φυλάττει = "guards her tongue"

Endings at a Glance

α/ᾱς Stems

(μοῖρα type)

SgPl
NOM-αι
GEN-ᾱς-ῶν
DAT-ᾳ-αις
ACC-αν-ᾱς
VOC-αι

α/ης Stems

(θάλαττα type)

SgPl
NOM-αι
GEN-ης-ῶν
DAT-ῃ-αις
ACC-αν-ᾱς
VOC-αι

Key difference: GEN/DAT singular → -ᾱς/-ᾳ vs -ης/-ῃ

3. α/ᾱς: μοῖρα (fate)

SingularPlural
NOMμοῖραμοῖραι
GENμοίρᾱςμοιρῶν
DATμοίρμοίραις
ACCμοῖρανμοίρᾱς
VOCμοῖραμοῖραι

Short α in NOM/ACC/VOC sg.

4. α/ης: θάλαττα (sea)

SingularPlural
NOMθάλατταθάλατται
GENθαλάττηςθαλαττῶν
DATθαλάττθαλάτταις
ACCθάλαττανθαλάττᾱς
VOCθάλατταθάλατται

GEN/DAT sg use η like η-stems!

5. Vocabulary

Verbs

ἀκούω
hear, listen to (+gen/acc)
κελεύω
order, command

Nouns (α/ᾱς stems)

γλῶττα, -ης
tongue, language
θάλαττα, -ης
sea
μοῖρα, -ᾱς
fate, destiny
οἰκίᾱ, -ᾱς
house, household
ὥρᾱ, -ᾱς
hour, season, time

Conjunctions

ἐπεί, ἐπειδή
when, after, since

6. New Conjunction

ἐπεί / ἐπειδή

when, after, since, because

ἐπεὶ θύουσι, σπεύδομεν.

"Since they are sacrificing, we hasten."

7. Example Markup

ἡ θεὰ τῆς θαλάττης ἀκούει τῆς γλώττης.

"The goddess of the sea listens to the tongue."

Note: ἀκούω + GEN for person/source being heard